India

Is Jammu and Kashmir really backward on the development front?

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said in a message to the nation on Thursday evening that due to Article 370 of the Constitution giving special status to Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir has been denied development. Earlier on Monday, Home Minister Amit Shah made the same argument while announcing the abolition of the special status in Rajya Sabha.

He said that the government's decision to abolish Article 370 will help in restoring the state of development, health and education in the state.

But is Jammu and Kashmir really backward in comparison to other states of India in terms of health services, development and education?

We examined some indicators to compare other states in India.

According to the National Family Health Survey (2015-16), Kerala is the best state among all these indicators.

Here 95.4% of women aged 6 years and above have received school education.

In comparison, Bihar has only 56 percent women in this category who have ever gone to school.

Where is Jammu and Kashmir in this case?

The status of this category of women in Jammu and Kashmir is much better than Bihar (56.9%), Uttar Pradesh (63%) and Andhra Pradesh (62%). Here 65.6 percent of the women of this class have taken school education.

Similarly, the sex ratio in Jammu and Kashmir is also better than in many Indian states. Jammu and Kashmir has 972 females per 1,000 males. Whereas in states like Delhi (854), Uttar Pradesh (912), Bihar (918), Gujarat (919) and Maharashtra (952), the sex ratio is much lower than Jammu and Kashmir.

Jammu and Kashmir is ahead of other indicators such as Bihar, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra in terms of availability of electricity in homes.

At the same time, Jammu and Kashmir uses far better cleaning facilities than Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra.

Jammu and Kashmir is one of the few states where infant mortality is much lower than the national average. The survey also states that the death rate in the state is lower than Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat.

When it comes to vaccination, 75% of children in the age group of 12-23 months are fully vaccinated here. While in Gujarat this rate is 50%.

Article 370: which countries are with India and against India

India has recently restructured the state by neutralizing Article 370 of the Constitution giving special status to Jammu and Kashmir.

Now two separate union territories named Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh have been formed. With this, the issue of seven decades old Kashmir has once again come at the center of discussion all over the world.

The sternest response to India's footsteps came from Pakistan, who called it an "illegal" step and raised the matter in the UN Security Council.

Pakistan has taken steps like stopping bilateral trade by suspending diplomatic relations with India. On the other hand, China has also expressed concern over this situation.

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation has also condemned India's move, expressing concern after Pakistan's appeal in the matter.

Addressing the joint session of Parliament, Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan has said that he should make every effort to raise this matter at every stage and do other countries of the world in his favor.

India's neighbor Sri Lanka Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe has described India's footsteps as its internal matter. He tweeted that he hoped that this would lead to the development of Ladakh.

He wrote, "It is learned that Ladakh is going to become a union territory. Ladakh will be the first Buddhist majority state in India with a Buddhist population of over 70 percent. The formation and reorganization of Ladakh is an internal matter of India."

Bangladesh has said that removal of Article 370 is an internal matter of India, so it does not have the right to speak on someone else's internal matters.

At the same time, Maldives has also described it as an internal matter of India. According to the Maldivian government statement, all sovereign nations have the right to change their laws as necessary.

While some countries have criticized India's footsteps, some have suggested that both countries should move forward on the basis of UN Security Council resolutions.

India calls the changes on Jammu and Kashmir its internal matter, while Pakistan considers it a violation of UN resolutions. In such a situation, the statements advising the acceptance of UNSC resolutions are considered to be full of inclination towards Pakistan.

China has expressed serious concern that India has made a one-sided change in the status quo which can increase tensions in the region so much that China starts interfering in India's internal affairs.

Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hua Chunying said, "China has always opposed the inclusion of the territory of its western border into India's administrative region."

It is easy to understand why China reiterated this. But China's concerns are reflected in its statement - "Recently India has continued to undermine China's territorial sovereignty by changing its unilateral law. This is unacceptable and will not come into effect."

Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan spoke to Turkish President Rechep Tayyip Ardoan over the phone and claimed that Turkey was with Pakistan in the case.

Ardoan later said that he had a "successful" conversation with Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan on Tuesday. He also said that he would approach Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi to reduce tension in the region.

A similar statement has also come from Malaysia. A statement from the office of Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohammad said that he had spoken to the Prime Minister of Pakistan.

"Malaysia wants all sides of the matter to follow the UN Security Council resolutions to ensure international security and peace," the statement said.

Describing both India and Pakistan as their allies, Malaysia has expressed hope that both will resolve this old issue through dialogue.

The stance and reaction of many countries to the latest dispute has not been made public, including Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Japan, Russia and Israel. But there are some countries which have given balanced response.

Iran's foreign ministry spokesman Syed Abbas Mousavi said Iran has heard sides from both India and Pakistan. He wants them to communicate among themselves to protect the interests of the people and for peace.

British Foreign Minister Dominic Robb has said that he discussed the situation in Kashmir with the Indian Foreign Minister and expressed deep concerns of Britain.

He said, "I have spoken to the Indian foreign minister. We have expressed some of our concerns about the situation and appealed for peace. But we have also understood the situation from India's point of view."

The UAE has also reacted cautiously and expressed deep concern over the situation. The UAE has appealed to both sides to exercise patience and restraint.

Foreign Minister Dr. Anwar bin Mohammed Gargash said in a statement issued by O, "To maintain peace both sides should resort to dialogue."

There has been no official statement from Saudi Arabia, but Saudi newspapers have quoted official sources saying that Saudi Arabia wants to resolve the issue peacefully.

India should not ignore China's reaction to Jammu and Kashmir

The Government of India's move to reorganize Jammu and Kashmir and divide it into two Union Territories has led to very serious reactions from many quarters.

The most significant response came from India's neighboring countries Pakistan and China, which control parts of Jammu and Kashmir province. India claims these parts.

It is important to remember that both these neighbors are rich in nuclear power and there is a special bond between them. These two have also fought a war with India.

India's relations with these two countries have been unfavorable for a long time due to border disputes and other tensions.

This background is enough to explain why the Pakistani leadership first had a detailed discussion with its commanders and the National Security Council and then convened a joint session of its Parliament.

It was proposed in Parliament that the United Nations Security Council be urged to call an emergency session on the steps taken by India.

Pakistan Army Chief Qamar Javed Bajwa has said that the army is ready to 'go to any length' to help the Kashmiris.

Prime Minister Imran Khan pointed to two possibilities on this decision of India. He again spoke of a suicide attack like 'Pulwama' and a possible war between India and Pakistan.

After the second meeting of the National Security Council, Pakistan officially announced a few policy decisions - recalling the High Commissioners, halting bilateral trade and rethinking India-Pakistan relations.

These reactions of Pakistan become important if we keep its important relationship with China at the center. Experts describe Pakistan as speaking the language of China while being under the protection of China.

As it has been during the tensions between India and Pakistan, this time also the response of China decided Pakistan's stand.

In the case of India, China has been using Pakistan as camouflage, while itself has always followed the steps. In such a situation, China's response, which has deep meaning, needs to be critically analyzed and interpreted.

First of all, on the global level, China is today a big country where even a small step of it seems very heavy. Especially when it comes to Asian affairs, it certainly has its identity as the largest country in every respect.

The world has seen China's expansionary policies in recent times. America and its allies oppose these expansionary policies of China.

China controls 38,000 square kilometers of Aksai Chin in Jammu and Kashmir province and more than 5,000 square kilometers of the Shaksgam Valley.

The Chinese response after this reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir has once again raised the already existing border dispute between the two countries.

China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Hua Chunying said, "China has always been opposed to including the territory of its western border into India's administrative region."

It is easy to understand why China reiterated this. But China's concerns are reflected in its statement - "Recently India has continued to undermine China's territorial sovereignty by changing its unilateral law. This is unacceptable and will not come into effect."

Of course, when such a statement came suddenly, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs also reacted to this and called it 'India's internal matter' and said that 'India does not comment on the internal affairs of other countries and hopes that other countries Will do the same.

Second, China is looking for a chance to present itself as a third umpire, focusing on the India-Pakistan tension as usual.

In his written reply, Foreign Ministry spokesman Hua Chuning said, "The parties concerned need to act prudently while exercising restraint and precaution. They should refrain from doing actions that may unilaterally change the status quo and escalate tensions." To resolve peacefully through dialogue and consultation on the dispute related to both sides and to maintain peace and stability in the region Insists.''

This Chinese response certainly goes against the feelings of the Simla Agreement and the constant cleanliness of India that China does not want any role of mediator or any other in India-Pakistan tension.

Not only this, it is also against the policy-based statements made by Chinese leaders from time to time on the issue of China. The result of Chinese Foreign Minister Chien Chenchen's statement in Nepal in 1989 to President Chiang Chemin's 1996 speech in the Pakistani Senate was the result of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif raising the Kashmir issue in the Security Council in the 1999 Kargil War. Bluntly refused.

The Kargil War was the period when the best example of China's neutrality over the India-Pakistan tension was seen. But this will not happen in 2019.

Third, China's intention behind referring to the reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir as an issue between India and Pakistan is that it wants to convey that it is not an internal matter of India.

Recently, when US President Donald Trump said that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi asked him to play a mediating role in the Kashmir dispute, China insisted that the international community can play a constructive role in the settlement of the Kashmir dispute.

It should be taken seriously given its special relationship with Pakistan and its occupation over a large part of Jammu and Kashmir.

Fourth, China has expressed its grave concern that India has made a one-sided change in the status quo which can increase tensions in the region so much that China starts interfering in India's internal affairs. Now India needs to be cautious with China.

In March 1963, in the Sino-Pakistan border agreement, Pakistan handed over the occupied Shaksgam Valley to China.

Article-6 of the same agreement states that "After the settlement of the Kashmir dispute between Pakistan and India, sovereignty talks on the border will resume with the government of the People's Republic of China".

Does this not mean that China should remain calm until India and Pakistan reach a bilateral solution on Kashmir?

China is also shocked by India's decision to make Buddhist-dominated Ladakh a new union territory, bordering the autonomous region of Tibet.

Now this area is being directly under the central government of India where hundreds of Tibetan refugees including the Dalai Lama are living.

For this reason, Chinese Ambassador Yao Jing to New Delhi told the Indian media that Kashmir is "an internationally recognized disputed area" and that it is his responsibility as a local member of the Security Council to ensure peace and stability in the region.''

Inside India's water crisis: Struggling with drought and dry taps

This year, large parts of India have seen the worst drought in decades.

The monsoon, which usually provides some relief, was weeks late and when it finally arrived, it was once again deficient, with less rainfall than expected.

Despite India's economic growth in recent years, it remains one of the most unequal societies in the world. And that inequality can be seen in people's access to life's most basic necessity: water.

A government report found that 600 million Indians - nearly half the population - are facing acute water shortages.

While swimming pools in luxury hotels remain full, three quarters of the population do not have drinking water in their homes.

The effects of the drought are seen most clearly in rural India. About 300,000 Indian farmers have killed themselves in the past 25 years, and many more have deserted their crops to move to cities in search of work, leaving behind the elderly.

In the state of Maharashtra is one of the worst-affected regions.

Villagers there sometimes wait for days before government tankers carrying water trucks, where they desperately need them. But the trucks only provide about 20 litres per person a day, which people ration for everything including drinking, cooking, bathing and house work.

"Life is very hard because of the water situation," says Sitabai Gaikwad, a school teacher in Ahir Wadgaon village. "We have water when the tanker comes. People who can't manage to put their pipes in the tanker don't have water that day."

"There are older people who don't manage to get water. Everyone's worried about themselves because of the water situation," she says.

In Maharashtra, more than 6,000 tankers supply water to 15,000 villages every day - 1,000 of these are government tankers which provide water for free.

The others are private operators who sell water to people and businesses. Villagers say the cost of buying water from them has escalated since the drought.

"People buy water according to their finances," says Gaikwad. "Some buy it, but that is difficult because it costs us 900 rupees ($13) for a month."

"When we don't have money to feed ourselves, when we don't have food and water, how can we pay that much for water?" she asks.

Although the government tankers are meant to deliver water every day, villagers complain that this doesn't always happen. GPS tracking devices have been installed on all government trucks to monitor and ensure the water arrives.

Meanwhile, across Maharashtra, many farmers are leaving their land and villages because of the lack of water, which in these farming communities, often means a lack of work.

Panduram More, a labourer, left his 40,000 square metre cotton farm to move to the city of Aurangabad.

"There is no work, so I had to migrate here and live in this small room," he says. "There is no rainfall, so the land is of no use. We can't grow anything."

Went to India's Maharashtra state to look at the effect the drought is having on the lives of ordinary people.

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