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Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has said that his meeting with US President Joe Biden was very useful. Discussions took place on economic and people-to-people relations between India and America.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has said that the friendship between India and America will continue to play an important role in global well-being.

Bilateral talks took place between the two leaders shortly after President Biden reached Delhi on Friday, September 8, 2023.

After the meeting of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Joe Biden, a joint statement has been issued by the US, in which the following key things have been said -

- America reiterated its support for making India a permanent member of the United Nations.

- India and the US agree on the importance of the Quad to keep the Indo-Pacific region independent.

- Joe Biden congratulated India for Chandrayaan 3 and Aditya L1 mission. Joe Biden insisted on increasing cooperation in ISRO and NASA.

- Semiconductor supply chain was also discussed between America and India. America will invest a total of 700 million dollars in India in this sector.

- President Biden and Prime Minister Modi agreed to continue the strategic partnership between India and America.

According to Indian news agency PTI, US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan were also present in the meeting from the US side.

The Indian delegation included External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar and National Security Advisor Ajit Doval.

During the G-20 summit, Modi will hold 15 bilateral talks with top world leaders in the next two days.

Millions of US military emails were sent to Russia's ally Mali for years because of a small mistake.

These emails contained sensitive information such as passwords, medical records and travel schedules of senior officials.

Actually this mistake happened regarding the name of the domain. The domain name of Mali is .ml.

The address to which US military emails were supposed to be sent had .mil in its domain name, but by mistake these mails were sent to .ml.

The US intelligence department, the Pentagon, has claimed to have taken steps to solve the problem.

According to the Financial Times, Johannes Zurbier, a Dutch Internet entrepreneur, discovered the problem about 10 years ago.

Zurbier has a contract to run domains in the country of Mali. He has received thousands of such emails in recent days.

None of the mail has been described as classified, but the emails include maps of US military installations, financial records, official travel details and some diplomatic messages, according to the newspaper.

Zurbier sent a letter to US officials in July 2023 warning them about the problem.

He claimed that his contract with the Malian government would expire soon.

What is mil?

The domain name mil is the sponsored top-level domain (sTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet for the United States Department of Defense and its subsidiary or affiliated organizations. The name is derived from military. It was one of the first top-level domains, created in January 1985.

The United States is the only country that has a top-level domain for its military, a legacy of the United States' military's role in the creation of the Internet. Other countries often use second-level domains for this purpose, e.g., mod.uk for the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence. Canada uses norad.mil with the United States as they jointly operate the North American Aerospace Defense Command.

Despite having a dedicated top-level domain, the US military also uses com domains for some of its recruitment sites, such as goarmy.com, as well as for the Defense Commissary Agency's website www.commissaries.com and most non-appropriated fund instrumentalities such as military MWR organizations and military exchanges. Also, the military uses edu domains for its service academies: the United States Military Academy, United States Coast Guard Academy, United States Naval Academy, and the United States Air Force Academy can all be reached using either an edu or a mil domain name. The official athletic program sites of the three academies that are members of NCAA Division I (Army, Navy, Air Force) use com domains, as well as Coast Guard, which is a member of NCAA Division III. The Department of Defense itself uses gov for its home page, with at least three second-level domains within mil (defense, dod, and pentagon) redirecting to its domain name www.defense.gov.

The United States Coast Guard, like other military services, uses the mil domain, although during statutory peacetime the service falls under the United States Department of Homeland Security.

The Prime Ministers of India and Nepal have addressed a press conference in New Delhi after the bilateral talks between the two countries.

The Prime Minister of Nepal Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda and the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi held bilateral talks on Thursday, 1 June 2023, in Delhi.

Narendra Modi said

- We will continue to work to take our relationship to the height of the Himalayas, and in the same spirit, we will resolve all issues, whether boundary or otherwise.
- Today Prime Minister Prachanda ji and I have taken many important decisions to make our partnership a super hit in the future.
- Today the transit agreement has been concluded. In this, provision has been made for the people of Nepal, along with new rail routes, the facility of India's inland waterways.
- I remember, 9 years ago, in 2014, within three months of taking office, I made my first visit to Nepal. At that time I had given a hit formula for India-Nepal relations – Highways, I-ways, and Trans-ways.
- I had said that we will establish such contacts between India and Nepal that our borders should not become a barrier between us.
- The religious and cultural ties between India and Nepal are very old and strong. To further strengthen this beautiful link, Prime Minister Prachanda ji and I have decided that projects related to Ramayana circuit should be expedited.

Recep Tayyip Erdogan has won the presidential election again in Turkey. Ardoan has been ruling Turkey for the last two decades and managed to win elections even after two decades in power.

What does Ardoan's victory mean for India? Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has congratulated Ardoan for his victory. While congratulating Modi, he expressed hope that in the coming times, bilateral relations between the two countries will be good and cooperation on global issues will increase.

Modi may have congratulated but he knows that relations with India have not been smooth after Ardoan came to power. In the last nine years, Modi visited many countries in the Middle East but did not visit Turkey.

Modi was about to visit Turkey in 2019 but the visit was canceled at the last moment. On August 5, 2019, India had abolished the special status of Kashmir and Turkey openly opposed it. Ardoan also raised this issue in the General Assembly of the United Nations.

Ardoan's line on Kashmir has been in favor of Pakistan. This has always been an uneasy truce for India. Turkey has also been an aggressor regarding Kashmir in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation i.e. OIC.

India has been saying in response to Turkey's objections that Kashmir is its internal matter and Turkey's remarks are interference in India's internal affairs.

India's former foreign secretary Kanwal Sibal has also expressed concern by tweeting that Ardoan's victory is not good for India in any way.

Kanwal Sibal wrote in his tweet, "Ardoan's victory in Turkey is not a very comfortable situation for India. Türkiye will support Pakistan on Islamic line on Kashmir. Will be active on Kashmir even in OIC. Türkiye's jugalbandi with Pakistan is worrying. Erdogan's goal of the Ottoman Empire is also disastrous. Turkey's entry into BRICS under the leadership of Ardoan is not right in any sense. Ardoan's friendship with Russia is also very good."

Turkey is taking a pro-Pakistan stance. It is said to have originated in the early 1950s or the Cold War era.

In this period, there were two wars between India and Pakistan. Diplomatic relations between Türkiye and India were established in 1948. Then it was barely a year since India became independent.

A close partnership between India and Turkey failed to develop in these decades. It is said that the tension between Turkey and India has been due to two reasons. The first was Turkey's pro-Pakistan stand in the matter of Kashmir and the second was Turkey in the American camp in the Cold War while India was advocating non-alignment.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed in 1949 after World War II. Türkiye was its member. Nato was seen as an anti-Soviet organization.

Apart from this, in 1955, Turkey, Iraq, Britain, Pakistan and Iran together made 'Baghdad Pact'. The Baghdad Pact was then called the Defensive Organization.

In this, the five countries talked about achieving their common political, military and economic objectives. It was on the lines of Nato. Iraq was out of the Baghdad Pact in 1959. It was renamed the Central Treaty Organization after Iraq was out. The Baghdad Pact was also seen against the Soviet Union. On the other hand, India seemed close to the Soviet Union even while talking about non-alignment.

When the Cold War was waning, Turgut Özal, who was considered to be 'pro-Western' and 'liberal' President of Turkey, tried to bring relations with India back on track.

Ozal visited India in 1986. During this visit, Ozal proposed to set up offices of military representatives in the embassies of both the countries. After this, in 1988, the then Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi visited Turkey. After Rajiv Gandhi's visit, relations between the two countries improved on many fronts.

But in spite of this, Turkey's stand in the matter of Kashmir remained in favor of Pakistan, so the relationship did not get closer.

Chinese President Xi Jinping often talks about China's development in his statements but does not say anything directly about America.

But he criticized the US while speaking to businessmen at a meeting of a group of political advisers on the during of China's National People's Congress.

President Xi Jinping said the US is doing its best to "encircle, suppress and contain" China. He said that due to this many 'challenges' have arisen in front of China.

On the other hand, China's Foreign Minister Chin Gang supported President Xi Jinping's statement on Tuesday, March 7, 2023 and blamed America for the strained relations between China and America.

Chin Gang said, "If the US does not brake its antics and stop walking on the wrong track, no matter how much protection is put in place, the train is bound to derail and it may lead to a conflict." If it happens, the consequences will be dire.

Chin Gang said, "This is a reckless game involving the interests of both sides as well as the future of the whole of humanity. It is normal that China is against it in every way."

Chin Gang mentioned the Taiwan issue and said that this is the red line which is not allowed to be crossed.

Chin Gang said, "The Taiwan question is related to China's core interests, it is at the core of China-US political relations, and it is the red line in the relationship between the two that should not be crossed."

"The responsibility of raising questions on the Taiwan issue rests solely with the US. We are talking about the Taiwan issue of the US so that we can tell it not to interfere in China's internal affairs."

Relations between the US and China have deteriorated further after Chinese balloons were seen flying at high altitude in many places in the US.

The US had shot down a Chinese balloon saying that it had equipment for espionage.

But China said that it was a weather-gathering balloon that had strayed into US territory, but America overreacted.

US President Joe Biden reached Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. This is Biden's first visit to Ukraine since Russia's invasion a year ago.

Earlier, Biden went to meet the President of Poland, Andrzej Duda. But from there he suddenly reached Kiev.

Since morning in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, it was felt that an important guest is about to arrive.

Ukraine's leader Lisia Vasilenko told that these guests are Biden.

Ukrainian President Zelensky posted a photo of him shaking hands with the US President on his official Telegram account.

Zelensky wrote, "Joe Biden, welcome to Kiev. Your visit is an extremely important gesture of support for all Ukrainians."

US President Joe Biden, who suddenly arrived in Ukraine's capital Kiev from Poland, said that Ukraine will continue to get US support.

"My visit to Kiev reaffirms our unwavering and unwavering commitment to the democracy, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine," said the statement issued by the US President.

The statement continued, "About a year ago, Putin attacked thinking that Ukraine was weak and Europe was divided. He thought he would wear us out. But he was absolutely wrong."

A joint statement has been issued by Ukraine's President Zelensky after meeting US President Joe Biden.

In this statement, Zelensky said, the 'democratic world' will win this 'historic battle'.

In the presence of Biden, Zelensky said in a televised joint statement, “This is the most important visit in the entire history of the relationship between America and Ukraine. It tells about the results that we have already achieved. Our talks today were very successful.”

Zelensky said, “The results of this visit will be visible. The effect of this meeting will be in the battlefield. The Ukrainian military has been strengthened by the US decision to give Ukraine Abrams tanks. Long range weapons were also discussed between me and the US President.''

Ukrainian President Zelensky further said, “I know that a very important package will be received to help Ukraine. This clearly means that there will be no more room for Russian aggression.''

Zelensky said, "Mr. President Ukraine is grateful to you."

US Vice President Kamala Harris has said that her country has formally determined that Russia has committed crimes against humanity in Ukraine.

Kamala Harris has made many serious allegations against Russia at the Munich Security Conference. Kamala Harris has said that since the attacks on Ukraine, Russia has committed 'heinous acts of murder, torture, rape and deportation'.

During the Munich Security Conference, all the world leaders have appealed to support Ukraine for a long time.

Britain's Prime Minister Rishi Sunak has expressed the need to further increase military support to Ukraine. Rishi Sunak has said that Ukraine's western allies need to plan and send weapons to Ukraine to secure its future.

At the Munich Security Conference, Kamala Harris has said that those responsible for the alleged crimes in Ukraine should be held accountable for this.

"His actions are an assault on our common values and our humanity," Harris said.

Kamala Harris said that according to the United Nations, a 'widespread or systematic attack' on a particular civil society is a crime against humanity.

US Vice President Kamala Harris said, "We have examined the evidence regarding Russia's actions in Ukraine. We know the legal standards and there is no doubt that these are crimes against humanity."

Kamala Harris cited the 'barbaric and inhumane' atrocities in Bucha and Mariopol during the war in Ukraine.

Kamala Harris said, "We all agree that there must be justice for all victims, known and unknown."

However, Russia has repeatedly denied allegations of targeting civilians in its attacks.

The Munich Security Conference is being held in Munich, Germany on 24 February 2023, the first anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi is on a visit to China.

According to Chinese state media, President Xi Jinping has called for an early and proper resolution on Iran's nuclear program.

Jinping has spoken of his support for safeguarding Iran's rights and interests.

Jinping told Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi in Beijing that he would positively resume talks to implement Iran's nuclear deal.

In 2015, Iran signed an agreement with Germany, China, USA, France, UK and Russia.

Under this agreement, Iran had to limit its nuclear programs in exchange for the removal of sanctions on Iran. But US President Donald Trump had separated America from it in 2018, after which this agreement was canceled.

China criticized the move and said that the US should take the initiative to return to the agreement.

In September 2022, the US imposed new sanctions on some companies related to Iran's oil exports, five of which were from China.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said on Friday, 27 January 2023, during his visit to African countries, that Western countries are trying to reverse the process of an emerging multipolar world.

During this, he has said that the clock of multipolar history is moving in the right direction.

Russia's Tass news agency quoted Lavrov as saying that the emergence of a multipolar world is a purposeful and unstoppable process that will happen.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov cited the rapid growth of China and India as well as the rise of Turkey, Egypt, Brazil and countries in Latin America and the Persian Gulf.

He has termed the role of 'BRICS', an organization of five countries, as important in shaping the global multipolar world.

Sergei Lavrov said, "So the clock of multipolar history is ticking in the right direction, despite the collective efforts of the US, NATO and the US-controlled EU to reverse it."

He termed these so-called efforts of the West as futile and said that they can only slow down the process.

Sergei Lavrov this week praised India's independent foreign policy and said that its foreign policy cannot be controlled from abroad.

On inviting Pakistan's Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari to the Shanghai Group Cooperation Organization meeting in India, Pakistan has said that it is considering it.

India is organizing the meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization this time.

It has been said in the press briefing of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan that there is a standard procedure for inviting member countries under which India has sent the invitation.

According to Pakistan Foreign Ministry, this invitation is being considered as per the standard procedure and an appropriate decision will be taken on it.

Relations between the two countries have been strained for a long time and recently former US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo had claimed that there was a time when there was a possibility of nuclear war between the two countries.

Pompeo has claimed in his book that in the month of February 2019, there was a possibility of a nuclear war between India and Pakistan.

On the issue of Pompeo, Pakistan's Foreign Ministry spokesman said that this is his personal memoir. But the whole world knows who attacked in February 2019 and who showed restraint.

Forty soldiers were killed in a suicide attack on a convoy of Indian soldiers on 14 February 2019 in Pulwama, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

India then carried out early morning airstrikes on Pakistan on 27 February 2019 in which India claimed to have killed several extremists. In response to this, Pakistan carried out airstrikes on India on 28 February 2019 in the morning. As a result, a war broke out between India and Pakistan. But the war between India and Pakistan was averted after international intervention. Since then, there is a tense relationship between India and Pakistan.